Natural Essential Oil

Vaccinium macrocarpon, commonly called American cranberry, is native to bogs, swamps, and wet shorelines in parts of northern and eastern North America. It is a low-growing vine or trailing shrub (to 6" tall and spreading) with small, glossy leaves. Small, nodding flowers with white to pink, recurved petals bloom from late spring into early summer. The flowers are followed by plump, red to dark purple, ovoid to round, 0.5" diameter fruits. The leaves of this plant are a larval food source for the bog copper butterfly, the flowers are visited by bees, and the fruits are eaten by birds and occasionally small mammals.

The genus name Vaccinium comes from an ancient Latin name apparently derived from a prehistoric Mediterranean language. Its origin and meaning are generally considered to be lost to time.

The specific epithet macrocarpon means large-fruited, about the relatively large size of the fruit of this species.The cranberries have many biological actions and deliberate as a most important medical fruit.  These activities, particularly due to the various phenolic compounds.  It can be recommended that the chronic use of cranberry reduced UTIs, Cardiovascular disease chance, inhibits breast, colon, prostate cancer and other type of cancer.

Cyperus scariosus is a small grass-like herb with angular soft stem  and  underground  rhizomatous  tubers.  The  plant  is  a glabrous  herb.  Stolons  are  slender,  0.8-5.0cm  by  0.25cm, clothed  by  elliptic,  acute,  lax  striate  concolorous  scales 1/8inch long, stem 40-90cm  long, slender,  triquetrous at top 1/24-1/16inch in diameter, leaves are  variable,  usually  short (less than  1/3  stem), narrow,  weak,  and  umbels  are slender, contracted,  rays  slender  sometimes  up  to  3inch  long,  and bracts  are  nearly  always  as  the  leaves  i.e.  hardly  any  when leaves  short,  exceeding  inflorescence  when  leaves  longish, and  spikelets  are  linear  pale  straw-colour  (Figure  I)  and rhizome  are  very  short,  woody,  stolons,  lateral  shoots  from base  of  stem  immediately  ascending,  glumes  scarcely imbricate  in  fruit.  The  rhizome  of  this  plant  contains  an amber or light brown viscous essential oil. Cyperus, also known as Nagarmotha in Hindi, belongs to the family of Cyperaceae. Cypriol Oil is obtained by the steam distillation of dried roots of Cyperus scariosus. The oil is a mildly viscous liquid, with a dark brownish to brownish red colour. Its odour is woody and deep, with smoky notes of leather. Cyprene is its major component. The oil is mainly used in perfumery formulations.

Genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) popularly known as “Sage Brush” or “Worm wood” is bitter aromatics. Artemisia is the largest genus comprising of 400 species widely distributed in South Africa and South America, and 34 species are found in India. This genus is named in honor of Artemis the Greek goddess of chastity. Some of them are sources of volatile oils. Sesquiterpene lactones are known to be present in almost all species.

It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. Davana is mostly cultivated in the red soil regions in South India. It comes up very well in rich loamy soils. Davana is an annual herb, family compositor, requiring about four months to reach maturity, at which it attains a height of about around one and half feet. Season is very important when the crop is grown for production of oil.

Eucalyptus, (genus Eucalyptus), large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. Many species are cultivated widely throughout the temperate regions of the world as shade trees or in forestry plantations. Economically, eucalyptus trees constitute one of the most valuable groups within the order Myrtales.

The eucalypti grow rapidly, and many species attain great height. The giant gum tree, or mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans), of Victoria and Tasmania, is one of the largest species and attains a height of about 90 metres (300 feet) and a circumference of 7.5 metres (24.5 feet). Many species continually shed the dead outermost layer of bark in flakes or ribbons, whereas certain other species have thick textured bark. The leaves are leathery and often hang obliquely or vertically; most species are evergreen. The flower petals cohere to form a cap when the flower expands. The capsule fruit is surrounded by a woody cup-shaped receptacle and contains numerous minute seeds. Possibly the largest fruits—from 5 to 6 cm (2 to 2.5 inches) in diameter—are borne by mottlecah, or silverleaf eucalyptus (E. macrocarpa).

Foeniculum vulgare, called common fennel, is an upright, branching perennial that is typically grown in vegetable and herb gardens for its anise-flavored foliage and seeds, both of which are commonly harvested for use in cooking. It somewhat resembles a very large dill plant. It grows to 3-5’ (less frequently to 6’) tall and features feathery, compound, aromatic, yellow-green leaves with needle-like segments and tiny yellow flowers in large, flattened, compound umbels. Flowers bloom in mid- to late summer, and are followed by aromatic seeds. Plants have escaped gardens and naturalized in many parts of North America. Flowers are very attractive to butterflies. Fennel is a larval plant for certain swallowtail butterflies.

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. is a biennial medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferaceae). It is a hardy, perennial–umbelliferous herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It grows to a height of up to 2.5 m with hollow stems. The leaves grow up to 40 cm long; they are finely dissected with the ultimate segments filiform (thread like) of about 0.5 mm wide. The flowers are produced in terminal compound umbels. The fruit is a dry seed 4–10 mm long. It is generally considered indigenous to the shores of Mediterranean Sea but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on the river banks. Some authors distinguish two sub-species of fennel, piperitum and vulgare: sub-species piperitum has bitter seeds, while sub-species vulgare has sweet seeds which are used as flavoring agents in baked goods, meat and fish dishes, ice creams, alcoholic beveragesetc, due to their characteristic anise odor. Morphological differences between these two sub-species are not always clearly defined.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an annual forage legume and a traditional spice and aromatic crop that has been grown for centuries across the Indian subcontinent. In addition to South Asia, the crop is also grown in some parts of North Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean Europe, China, South East (SE) Asia, Australia, the USA, Argentina and Canada. 

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a leguminous herb which belongs to the family Fabaceae. The plant seeds are used in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean countries as one of the ingredients in daily diets and in some domains such as medicine, nutrition, beverages, fragrances, cosmetics, or industrial purposes. The pharmacological effects of fenugreek are antimicrobial, anticholesterolemic, carminative, febrifuge, laxative, restorative, uterine tonic, expectoral, galactogogue, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, hypotensive, etc.

Abies is the important genus of the Coniferales, commonly the plant has been termed as the FIRS. Some of the species of the FIRs has been termed as the silver FIRs Abies names has been proposed by the Nirgil (70-19 BC) for the wood of the plant , the name has been used for the scandivinian FIRs, silver FIRs usually found in the high mountainous area (500-2000 m. The moist humid conditions are required for the cultivation of the FIRs, the rainfall for the cultivation of the FIRs should be between the 800-2000 mm, it is distributed in whole of the northern part of the world , they are distributed in the central Europe, south and eastern Germany.

The plant is erect, pyramidical typical cone shaped, the plant has the very marvelous appearances, likes the typical ornaments. Leaves of the Abies are like the other Coniferales needles; in some of the species dimorphism can be observed. Abies spectabilis is an evergreen tree with a narrow, conical crown; it can grow up to 45 meters tall. The straight, cylindrical bole can be 200cm or more in diameter

The tree is harvested from the wild for mainly local use as a source of medicines and materials.

This species has a wide distribution from East Nepal into eastern Afghanistan and is usually the dominant tree in the stands, but may also occur with other conifers or broadleaf trees. The forest has suffered severe depletion, especially at the lower elevations, from logging and deforestation. A population decline of approximately 25% over the past three generation has occurred. The plant is classified as 'Near Threatened' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2013).

Allium sativum, known as garlic, is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Western China. A. sativum was domesticated long ago and is mentioned in ancient Egyptian, Greek, Indian, and Chinese writings. Garlic grows in temperate and tropical regions all over the world, and many cultivars have been developed to suit different climates. A. sativum is the most widely consumed bulb after onion.

Allium sativum is divided into two subspecies, A. sativum var. sativum, also known as softneck garlic, and Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon, also known as hardneck garlic. Both varieties are composed of an underground bulb made up of cloves, which are prophylls enclosed by dry membranous skins and held together by a basal plate. The variations differ in that hard neck garlic’s bulb is composed of six to eleven cloves, circled around a centralized woody stalk. This variety of garlic has a scape that curls at the top, but it is generally removed after it curls one to three times. This is because if it continues to grow, less energy can be utilized towards the bulb. Eventually, the scape would give rise to bulbils, containing miniature cloves. The bulbils are occasionally accompanied by white or light purple flowers, although these are sterile. Softneck garlic does not have a flowering top and contains up to twenty-four cloves per bulb.

Garlic has been traditionally used to treat a wide variety of ailments, including bacterial and fungal infections, intestinal worm infestations, wounds, diarrhea, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (thrombosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia), metabolic disorders and others. Today, this plant is included in traditional medicine in most cultures. Garlic, available in various formulations for medicinal purposes has also been used to relieve symptoms caused by cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy. However, in all the applications listed, clinical evidence in support of these uses is very weak or is absent. Popularly is also used or has been used in the past as mosquito repellent, anti-catarrhal, for hoarseness and as a sedative for cough. Topical application of garlic is used traditionally to treat skin warts.

The family Geraniaceae contains three genera: Geranium, Erodium, and Pelargonium. The names, derived from the three Greek words meaning crane, heron, and stork, refer to the resemblance of the seed case to the slender bills of these three birds. Pelargonium species originate in South Africa and different species are found in distinct habitats. The Pelargonium species related to the Geranium oil-producing cultivars are mainly located in the Cape area.

Pelargonium plants are comprised of a myriad of hybrids and cultivars. They are bushy perennial shrubs possessing hairy, jagged leaves and clusters of small, pink striped flowers. The plant grows best in a warm temperate climate with plenty of sunshine for maximum oil development. It is sensitive to cold weather and frost averse. Glands located widely over the surface of the leaves and the green parts of the plant produce an aromatic volatile oil. Variations in the aromatic compounds of different cultivars results in diverse aromatic profiles for the different types of geranium essential oils available, that is, rose geranium, geranium or rose geranium bourbon. This is a key component of the surprise and delight inherent in plant-based aromas.

Ginger is widely used as spice, and it has its origins in India.It is a medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicines. The spice is very common in India (it is known as adrak in Hindi) and China and is now used all over the world. It forms an integral part of many Asian cuisines due to its digestive properties. It is especially helpful in digesting food items such as meat and poultry, and it is frequently added to recipes for cooking meat as it softens the meat considerably, making it easier to digest. Ginger root and ginger oil are also used as preservative and flavoring agents.Ginger oil is extracted from Z. officinale rhizomes, which its chemical composition influences from geographical region, extraction methods, freshness or dryness of rhizomes. The antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulatory, relaxant, and warming effects of ginger oil have been confirmed in experimental and preclinical studies. 

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant used in traditional medicine against different diseases because of its various properties (antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, etc.). Ginger is “generally recognized as safe” by the Food and Drug Administration. Numerous studies have been carried out to characterize and isolate its main bioactive compounds to elucidate the mechanisms of its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in foods. Results indicate that ginger contains monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and its derivatives, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, which provide a broad antimicrobial spectrum against different microorganisms and make it an interesting alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. However, its application in foods has been scarcely explored and represents an opportunity area for further research. 

Dipterocarpus jourdainii and Dipterocarpus turbinatus, are trees that are India and Asia. The tree exudes a resin that is then collected and steam distilled to produce Gurjum Balsam Essential Oil. Gurjum Balsam Essential Oil primarily contains the sesquiterpene a-gurjunene. It possesses a woody and slightly sweet aroma that blends especially well with essential oils in the wood, spice and citrus families.

The flower is dear to the Indian heart is Kewda (Pandanus odoratissimus). It grows on a small tree or shrub which is both cultivated and grows wild in coastal areas. It can also be found in some inland districts but the flowers seem to create their most exquisite floral bouquet in certain coastal localities, the most famous being the Ganjam district of Odisha. The tree/shrub can reach a height of 18 feet. 

Kewra oil is extracted from the flowers of Kewra plant through the steam distillation method. Due to its awesome health benefits, it is widely used in the aromatherapy applications. The botanical name of Kewra plant is Pandanus Odoratissimus.

For essential oil extraction all the collected flower samples were carefully transported to the distillation units. The green spathe of inflorescence was removed completely manually to improve the essential oil yield. The oil extraction was carried out by Clevenger’s apparatus from all the flowers. The flowers are chopped in to small pieces and 1000g of flowers are placed in the flask to which 3000ml of distilled water is added. 

Greater galangal grows to a height of 1.8 m and has long, elegant, blade-like leaves. The flowers are green and white with red tips. Rhizome is built up from cylindrical subunits (circular cross-section), whose pale-reddish surface is characteristically cross-striped by reddish-brown, small rings. The interior has about the same color as the skin and is hard and woody in texture.

The plant grows from rhizomes in clumps of stiff stalks up to 2 m in height with abundant long leaves that bear red fruit. It is native to South Asia and Indonesia and cultivated in Malaysia, Laos and Thailand. A. galanga is the galangal used most often in cookery. The robust rhizome has a sharp, sweet taste and smells like a blend of Black pepper and pine needles. The red fruit is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has a flavor similar to cardamom. 

Kulanjan Oil comes from an erect robust perennial herb. The oil is extracted through steam distillation process from the dried part of roots. 

Lavandin is an aromatic evergreen shrub that is much larger than true Lavender. An evergreen woody shrub growing to 3 feet high with green, narrow, linear leaves producing violet-blue flowers, the entire plant is covered with oil glands, which are in the star-shaped hairs that cover the plant. The flowering heads are more compressed with a dull, gray blue color. This hybrid apparently evolved naturally near the seas in Spain, Italy and France. It is now commercially produced in these same countries. Lavandin is used almost exclusively for scent. Many commercial manufacturers use both Lavandin Grosso and Lavandin Abrialis as replacements for Lavender 40/42, but they have a much rougher, camphorous scent. 

Lavandin is the Latin genus referring to Lavender. There are about 39 different recognized species of this plant. Countless variations have been produced due to the ability to cross pollinate with other members in the Lavender spices. Lavandula was thought to originate in Asia but the greatest plant diversity is found in the western regions of the world.

Essential oils are produced in the cells of aromatic plants and are held in specialized glands. They are released from the plant and collected (concentrated) most often through steam distillation (and sometimes hydro or water distillation or a combination thereof). Distillation is a method of separating components based on differences in volatile constituents in a heated mixture. Steam distillation involves bubbling steam through the plant material. 

Lemongrass has long leaves that are cut and steam-distilled to produce lemongrass essential oil. Lemongrass oil is concentrated by preserving the quality and purity. Owing to the strong aroma, it is recognized as the best remedy for aromatherapy. People externally use it to kill bacteria. Aches reduction and helps in digestion extends the points of its benefits. 

Nelumbo nucifera is commonly called sacred lotus about the sacred and symbolic status the flower holds in Buddhism and Hinduism. It is native to Asia and Australia. It is a large-flowered lotus that typically grows 3-6’ tall in shallow water and spreads by thickened rhizomes rooted in the mud. This is a marginal aquatic perennial that features rounded, parasol-like, upward-cupped, waxy green leaves (to 2’ across) that appear above the water on long petioles which attach at the middle of the leaf underside (peltate). Large, cupped, fragrant, pink or white flowers (8-12” diameter) appear in summer on stiff stems above the foliage. Each flower blooms for about three days, opening in the morning and closing at night each day. Flowers are followed by nut-like fruits that are imbedded in the flat surface of a turbinate (inversely conical) receptacle (2-3” diameter) which resembles the shape of a watering can rose. Receptacles acquire a woody texture when dried (suggestive of wasps’ nests) and are highly prized for dried flower arrangements. The rhizomes, leaves and seeds of lotus are edible and are sometimes used in Asian cooking.

Lotus essential oil is extracted from the petals of lotus flower by precisely using steam distillation method. Due to the high-quality and longer shelf life, we have become the prominent manufacturer and exporter of Lotus oil in the industry. In our small bottles, one can find the way to live naturally and also without diseases. As the authentic name in the market, we make sure that not even a single individual get deprived of such natural and 100% pure health enhancement remedies. 

Mentha piperita, a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, is probably the most important commercial aromatic herb in the world today from the standpoint of the size of the area cultivated for oil distillation. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, sweetish, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste, with a cooling aftertaste.

Menthol essential oil is one of the most demanding oils in the cosmetics, health and food sectors. Perks of using Menthol oil is, it revitalizes the mind and body and gives a stimulating, invigorating and uplifted feeling.

Among several plants, Mentha piperita is one of the herbs most widely used worldwide, with a long history of safe use in medicinal preparations. Its leaf is used as a remedy for common cold, inflammation of the mouth, pharynx, liver, as well as disorders in the gastrointestinal tract such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, flatulence and dyspepsia. This plant possesses polyphenols that are highly effective antioxidants and are less toxic than the synthetic ones.  This property makes it of great interest to the Food Industry, since the phenolic compounds retard the oxidative degradation of lipids improving the quality and nutritional value of food. The aim of this review is to show that several studies have demonstrated the presence of many different chemical compounds in Mentha piperita and their pharmacological effects. This plant has demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of bioactive compounds that represent a rich resource in phytochemicals of great interest to treat several pathologies. Some of the benefic biological effects show that this plant may play an important role as anti-oxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral, anti-allergic and antitumorigenic, indicating its utility in the prevention or treatment of several diseases. Furthermore, Mentha piperita is a promising plant that may offer low-cost alternative strategy for the use in Medicine and in food industry.

The process of formulating Menthol essential oil has begun when the menthol flowers and leaves are not enough matured. This is the time when essential oil content is at its peak. Manufacturers made it usable through steam distilled methodology where the essence of menthol is prepared at apt temperature. 

Onion is also known as bulb onion is the highly cultivated species of the genus Allium. It is cultivated on a worldwide basis. In botanical terms, it is also called as Allium Cepa. 

Onions grew in Chinese gardens as early as 5000 years ago and they are referenced in some of the oldest Vedic writings from India. In Egypt, onions can be traced back to 3500 B.C. There is evidence that the Sumerians were growing onions as early as 2500 B.C. One Sumerian text dated to about 2500 B.C. tells of someone plowing over the city governor's onion patch.

Onion essential oil is an expectorant, that can clear congestion and mucus build-up, especially along the respiratory tracts to promote unobstructed airflow. This helps alleviate coughs, sinuses and phlegm’s.They open up blocked passages and induces phlegm and mucus to come out of the body. Thus, onion essential oil provides relief from these common respiratory ailments. It is a useful antiseptic agent to clean any wounds, cuts or scrapes obtained without causing infections. It kills off any bacteria from festering on the wound or cut and thus, promotes the fast healing of wounds and scrapes. 

Palmarosa is one of nature’s star upholders of skin health. Because of this, palmarosa often finds a place in our skin care routines, for both our faces and bodies. The name palmarosa was given to this unique therapeutic plant because its fragrance is similar to that of rose oil. In the historical times, the Turks and Indians combined palmarosa essential oil with rose oil. While palmarosa pure essential oil has numerous therapeutic uses, it is more frequently used for cosmetic or rose solutions due to its moisturizing properties.

Cymbopogon martini is an evergreen, tufted, aromatic grass with numerous erect culms arising from a short, stout, woody rhizome. The stems are up to 3 metres tall. The plant has been gathered from the wild since antiquity, and this method still produces an important portion of the essential oil. However, the plant has also been cultivated since the beginning of the 20th Century and is now grown in several areas of the tropics. Palmarosa oil has gradually lost importance in the world market, being replaced by low-cost synthetic or natural geraniol. The natural oil is still preferred in high quality perfumes, however, especially in the Middle East.

Palo Santo oil is a true aromatic treasure and a Floracopeia staple. It is renowned for its distinctive uplifting fragrance and its pronounced healing powers. Palo Santo Essential Oil is rich in limonene. A natural purifier, use it in your diffuser to keep you and your family healthy through the winter months. 

Palo Santo, a name now more popular in medicine than in history. A sacred tree used by Shaman’s and in ancestral medicinal practices, known to have cleansing and healing properties. It is used in meditation for creating a deeper bond with the creation. The Shaman of Peru used to burn Palo Santo to ward off evil spirits, thoughts and misfortune with its aroma.

Peru balsam oil also known as black balsam, quina, tolu, Balsam fir oil, and balsamo, comes from the balsam of Peru which is a resinous substance obtained from the tree known as Myroxylonbalsamum or Myroxylonpereirae. This resin is oily in nature and smells like a mixture of clove, cinnamon and vanilla. This is a unique aromatic combination of sweet and spicy. 

Myroxylon genus was originally described in 1753 by Linnaeus, such description was made using a specimen collected in the province of Cartagena and named it as Toluiferabalsamum. It was established firstly by Linnaeus filius in 1781, when he described Myroxylonperuiferum based on a specimen collected by Mutis in South America. 

The crude gum resin collected from Myroxylonpereira is subjected to steam distillation to obtain the sweet spicy Peru Balsam oil which has multiple applications for its aroma.

Out of over 200 species of the rose bush and approximately 10,000 more hybrid species of rose, only about six species are used to produce rose oil and rose absolute, with the vast majority being produced from Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia.  Other species of rose used to produce rose otto and rose absolute in limited quantities are Rosa rugosa, Rosa alba, Rosa bourbonia and Rosa moschata. These particular rose species exhibit the traditional fragrance commonly associated with the rose plant, while other varieties may exude aromas of fruits, musks, or other flowers (Guenther, E. (1952) The Essential Oils. London: Macmillan). The rose’s familiar fragrance is due to a simple water-soluble alcohol, beta-phenylethanol, and three monoterpenic oil-soluble alcohols, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol. The acetate esters of these alcohols are also rose-scented but of a slightly different fragrance. The clove-scented eugenol and methyl eugenol contribute to the spiciness of the rose’s fragrance. The different concentrations of these chemicals determine the final fragrance, which varies for each species of rose

Rosa centifolia Also known as the cabbage rose or the Rose de Mai, Rosa centifolia possesses a rich, sweet, rosy and tenacious fragrance and is mainly grown in Egypt and Morocco, as well as in the Grasse region of France and in China. This species of rose is frequently used to produce Rose de Mai absolute and is thought to possess a greener, spicier fragrance than the Rosa damascena.  The essential oil of Rosa centifolia was is more challenging to distill than the oil of Rosa damascena, most likely because of the increased delicacy of this species’ many-petaled blooms and it is rarely produced.